ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN GEOMETRI SUDUT POTONG 450, 550, 600 PADA PROSES PEMBUBUTAN MENGGUNAKAN MATERIAL ST60

Roberth Marshall Ratlalan, Syaiful Syaiful, Odilia Valentine

Abstract


Abstrak

Proses pembubutan merupakan salah satu proses pemesinan yang berperan penting dalam industri manufaktur untuk menghasilkan komponen dengan tingkat presisi dan kualitas permukaan yang baik. Kualitas permukaan hasil pembubutan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor salah satunya adalah geometri sudut potong pahat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi geometri sudut potong 45°, 55°, dan 60° terhadap tingkat kekasaran permukaan pada material ST60. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen kuantitatif dengan pendekatan komparatif di mana proses pembubutan dilakukan menggunakan mesin bubut dan pengujian kekasaran permukaan dilakukan menggunakan surface roughness tester. Spesimen berbentuk silindris dengan panjang 50 mm dan diameter 25 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi sudut potong memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas permukaan. Sudut potong 60° menghasilkan nilai kekasaran terendah dengan Ra sebesar 2,464 µm, Rq sebesar 3,073 µm, dan Rz sebesar 14,784 µm sehingga menghasilkan permukaan paling halus. Sudut 45° menghasilkan kekasaran sedang dan sudut 55° menghasilkan kekasaran tertinggi. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme pembentukan geram, gaya potong, dan kestabilan proses pemesinan. Dengan demikian sudut potong 60° merupakan sudut optimum untuk menghasilkan kualitas permukaan terbaik pada proses pembubutan material ST60.

 

Kata Kunci - Pembubutan, Geometri Sudut Potong, Kekasaran Permukaan, Material ST60.

 

Abstract

Turning is one of the machining processes that plays an important role in the manufacturing industry to produce components with a high level of precision and good surface quality. The surface quality of the turning results is influenced by various factors, one of which is the geometry of the cutting angle of the tool. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in the geometry of the cutting angle of 45°, 55°, and 60° on the surface roughness level of ST60 material. The method used is a quantitative experiment with a comparative approach where the turning process is carried out using a lathe and surface roughness testing is carried out using a surface roughness tester. The specimen is cylindrical with a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 25 mm. The results show that variations in the cutting angle have a significant effect on surface quality. The cutting angle of 60° produces the lowest roughness value with Ra of 2.464 µm, Rq of 3.073 µm, and Rz of 14.784 µm, thus producing the smoothest surface. The 45° angle produces medium roughness and the 55° angle produces the highest roughness. This difference is influenced by the chip formation mechanism, cutting forces, and machining stability. Therefore, a 60° cutting angle is the optimum angle for producing the best surface quality in the turning process of ST60 material.

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Keywords - Turning, Cutting Angle Geometry, Surface Roughness, ST60 Material.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jmkn.v12i1.15001

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Jurnal Mekanova: Mekanikal, Inovasi dan Teknologi
p-ISSN: 2477-5029  I  e-ISSN: 2502-0498  I  DOI: 10.35308
Jl. Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
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