Penilaian Berbasis Risiko Terhadap Kepatuhan Penyedia Jasa Pelabuhan Dalam Keamanan Terminal Penumpang: Studi Kasus Pelabuhan Bima, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract

Passenger terminal security depends not only on procedures and infrastructure, but also on the compliance of stakeholders operating within it. This study aims to assess vendors’ compliance with passenger terminal security procedures at the Port of Bima, as well as to identify and prioritize the risks posed by non-compliance. The study employs a descriptive qualitative design with a risk-based assessment approach. Data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving security officers, operational staff, and vendors. Compliance was assessed based on area and access controls, passenger flow, operational safety, security awareness, orderliness, and monitoring and enforcement of rules. The results show that vendor compliance remains inconsistent, particularly in the form of activities in restricted areas, placement of goods in passenger circulation routes, operations without official permits, and a lack of order and cleanliness. Non-compliance regarding restricted areas and passenger circulation is a higher-priority risk because it has the potential to undermine access control, passenger movement, monitoring, and emergency response. Limitations in outreach, supervision, security awareness, consistency in rule enforcement, and monitoring coverage also influence compliance. The study underscores the importance of integrating trader compliance into port security risk management to identify vulnerabilities and prioritize mitigation measures.

Keywords: port security, risk assessment, ISPS Code, Bima Port