Capacity of Local Government Policy in Implementing Minimum Service Standards

Hendri Koeswara, Desna Aromatica, Zahran Mabrukah Tomimi, Roza Liesmana, Muhammad Ichsan Kabullah, Wulan Puspita Puri, M. Zamzani B. Tjenreng

Abstract


This study analyzes local government policies' capacity to implement Indonesia's Minimum Service Standards (MSS), focusing on enforcing Government Regulation No. 2/2018 and Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 59/2021. These policies encompass six sectors: education, health, public works, housing, public order and safety, and social affairs. The findings reveal uneven and fluctuating MSS achievements. Although mandatory spending—20% for education and 10% for health—is in place, it does not consistently lead to improved outcomes. Similarly, fiscal capacity does not always correlate with MSS performance. Using a qualitative method—through interviews, FGDs, observations, and literature review—this study identifies that the policy capacities of individuals, organizations, and political actors influence the achievement of MSS. Among these, political capacity—particularly weak commitment from implementers—emerges as the most significant barrier. The study concludes that a new model and formula within the policy framework is essential to address service disparities and improve performance across all regions to ensure equitable and effective MSS implementation.

Keywords


Policy Capacity, Minimum Service Standards, Local Government

Full Text:

PDF

References


A. Basu. (2015). The capacity of local government in South Asia. Viešoji politika ir administravimas, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 281-299, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.PPAA.14.3.13436.

Afrianis, Y., Suryawati, C., & Kusumastuti, W. (2021). Analisis Peningkatan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pada Usia Pendidikan Dasar Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Di Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(6), 841-847.

Bakvis, H. (2000). Rebuilding Policy Capacity in the Era of the Fiscal Dividend: A Report from Canada. Governance. 13. 71–103. 10.1111/0952-1895.00124.

Bakar, Mateen & Mohamad, Dr. (2023). Local government capacity for earthquake disaster risk reduction in Malaysia: Case studies in Bentong and Selayang areas. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 97. 103987. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103987.

Brodjonegoro, B. (2001). Fiscal decentralization in Indonesia.

Cooke, A., Smith, D. & Booth, A. (2012). Beyond PICO: The SPIDER Tool for Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. Qualitative Health Research, 22, 1435–1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732312452938

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Curto, S.H., and A. Dias. (2014). Administrative reforms and performance of local public policies," International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 462-474. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-07-2012-0091

Damanik, J. (2017). Keterkaitan Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) dengan standar nasional pendidikan (snp). Jurnal dinamika pendidikan, 10(2), 180-203.

Devas, N. (1997). Indonesia: What do we mean by decentralization? Public Administration and Development. 17 (3): 351–367.

Efriandi, T. R. I., Couwenberg, O., & Holzhacker, R. L. (2019). Decentralization and public service provision. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 41(3), 364-389.

Fatimah, S., Hans, A., Majid, H., Idris, M. F., Usulu, E. M., & Kala'Padang, Y. (2023). Pendampingan Penyusunan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Di Bidang Pemadam Kebakaran Bpbd Kabupaten Jayapura. Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat MEMBANGUN NEGERI, 7(1), 243-250.

Ferrazi, G. (2005). Obligatory functions and minimum service standards for Indonesian regional government: searching for a model. Public Administration and Development, 25(3), 227–238.

Fitri, A., Musri, M., & Syahrial, I. (2022). Implementasi Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) Penanggulangan Bencana Kebakaran Pada Pemadam Kebakaran Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi, 2(1), 55-65.

Gleeson, D. H., David G. Legge, & Deirdre O'Neill. (2009). "Evaluating Health Policy Capacity: Learning from International and Australian Experience." Australia and New Zealand Health Policy 6(1).

Green, K. (2005). Decentralization and good governance: The case of Indonesia. Available at SSRN 1493345.

Hadiz, V. R. (2010). Localizing power in post-authoritarian Indonesia: a Southeast Asia Perspective. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Howlett, M. & Lindquist, E. (2004). Policy Analysis and Governance: Analytical and Policy Styles in Canada. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice. 6. 225–249. 10.1080/1387698042000305194.

Hudson, B., Hunter, D., & Peckham, S. (2019). Policy failure and the policy-implementation gap: Can policy support programs help? Policy design and practice, 2(1), 1–14.

Koeswara, H., & Zamzani B. Tjenreng, M. (2024). The Failure of Minimum Service Standards Policy: An Analysis of State Capacity. KnE Social Sciences, 9(7), 535–553. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i7.1552.

Kristiansen, Stein & Pratikno,. (2006). Decentralising education in Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Development. 26. 513-531. 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.12.003.

Lewis, B. & Nguyen, H. & Hendrawan, A. (2020). Political accountability and public service delivery in decentralized Indonesia: Incumbency advantage and the performance of second term mayors. European Journal of Political Economy. 64. 101910. 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101910.

Lewis, B. D. (2017). Does local government proliferation improve public service delivery? Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Urban Affairs, 39(8), 1047–1065. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2017.1323544.

Lucyianaa, V. V., Koeswara, H., & Putera, R. E. (2023). Implementasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) Kesehatan Pada Pelayanan Kesehatan Lanjut Usia (Lansia) Di Kota Padang. JIAP (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik), 11(1), 17-31.

Mahi, B. R. (2016). Indonesian decentralization: evaluation, recent movement and future perspectives. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business (JIEB), 31(1), 119–133.

Maryanov, G. S. (2009). Decentralization in Indonesia as a political problem. Equinox Publishing.

McConnell, A. (2010). Policy success, policy failure, and grey areas in between. Journal of Public Policy, 30(3), 345–362.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.

Ningsih, K. P., & Adhi, S. N. (2020). Evaluasi Standar Pelayanan Minimal Rekam Medis di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Indonesian of Health Information Management Journal (INOHIM), 8(2), 92-99.

O'Donovan, K. (2017). Policy failure and policy learning: Examining the conditions of learning after disaster. Review of Policy Research, 34(4), 537–558.

Ostwald, K., Tajima, Y., & Samphantharak, K. (2016). Indonesia's Decentralization Experiment: Motivations, Successes, and Unintended Consequences. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies (JSEAE) 33(2), 139-156. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/628362.

Painter, M. (2002). Making Sense of Good Governance. Public Administration and Policy, 11(2), 77–100.

Peters, B. Guy (2004). Policy Instrumens and Policy Capacity in Painter, M., & Pierre, J. (Eds.). (2004). Challenges to state policy capacity: Global trends and comparative perspectives. Springer.

Priadi, Cindy & Suleeman, Evelyn & Darmajanti, Linda & Putri, Gita & Genter, Franziska & Foster, Tim & Willetts, Juliet. (2023). Policy and regulatory context for self-supplied drinking water services in two cities in Indonesia: Priorities for managing risks. Environmental Development. 49. 100940. 10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100940.

Purwanto, E.A and A. Pramusinto, (2018) "Decentralization and functional assignment in Indonesia: the case of health and education services," Policy Studies, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 589-606, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2018.1530413.

Purwanto, E. A., Pramusinto, A., & Margono, S. A. (2019). Ensuring the quality of basic service delivery in decentralized local governments through the Minimum Service Standard policy: How does it work? International Journal of Public Policy, 15(3-4), 315-338.

Rahmadani, A. N., Surjoputro, A., & Budiyanti, R. T. (2021). Implementasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Puskesmas Pandanaran Kota Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip), 9(2), 149-156.

Rasyid, M. R. (2004). The policy of decentralization in Indonesia. Reforming intergovernmental fiscal relations and the rebuilding of Indonesia: the 'Big Bang ' program and its economic consequences, 65-74.

Roudo, M., & Chalil, T. M. (2016). Depolarization in delivering public services? Impacts of minimum service standards (MSS) on the quality of health services in Indonesia. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 27(1), 1-15.

Rudy; Hasyimzum, Yusnani; Heryandi; Khoiriah, Siti. (2017). 18 Years of Decentralization Experiment in Indonesia: Institutional and Democratic Evaluation. J. Pol. & L., 10, 132.

Sabdaningtyas, L. (2018). Model evaluasi implementasi kebijakan standar pelayanan minimal pada satuan pendidikan jenjang SD. jurnal penelitian dan evaluasi pendidikan, 22(1), 70-82.

Sakti, F. T. (2018). Evaluasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pelayanan Dasar Pemeliharaan Ketertiban Umum, Ketentraman Masyarakat dan Perlindungan Masyarakat di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Kelola, 1(2).

Setiawan, A., Tjiptoherijanto, P., Mahi, B. R., & Khoirunurrofik, K. (2022). The Impact of Local Government Capacity on Public Service Delivery: Lessons Learned from Decentralized Indonesia. Economies, 10(12), 323.

Singh, Richa & Bhattacharjee, Sankalpa & Nandy, Amarendu. (2024). Fiscal decentralization for the delivery of health and education in Indian states: An ongoing process is more desirable than a policy shift. Journal of Policy Modeling. 46. 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2024.01.006.

Siregar, B., & Badrudin, R. (2019). The Evaluation of Fiscal Decentralization in Indonesia Based on the Degree of Regional Autonomy. Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 8, 611–624.

Smoke, P., & Lewis, B. D. (1996). Fiscal decentralization in Indonesia: A new approach to an old idea. World Development, 24(8), 1281–1299.

Talitha, T., Firman, T. & Hudalah, D. (2020). Welcoming two decades of decentralization in Indonesia: a regional development perspective, Territory, Politics, Governance, 8:5, 690–708, DOI: 10.1080/21622671.2019.1601595.

Wang, Y., Huang, X., ZHANG, TAO., Jiang, B., & Wang, X. (2024). Impact of fiscal decentralization and local government competition on the supply of basic public services: Based on the empirical evidence of prefecture-level cities in China. Heliyon, 10(4), Article e26511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26511.

Wu, X., Howlet, R., & Ramesh, M. (2018). Policy Capacity and Governance: Assessing Governmental Competences and Capabilities in Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, Hong Kong.

Yang, Kaifeng & Spice, Susan & Gabrielian, Vache. (2007). Qualitative Research Methods. 10.1201/9781420013276.ch10.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v11i3.12445

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Hendri Koeswara, Desna Aromatica, Zahran Mabrukah Tomimi, Roza Liesmana, Muhammad Ichsan Kabullah, Wulan Puspita Puri, M. Zamzani B. Tjenreng

Jurnal Public Policy
p-ISSN: 2477-5738  I  e-ISSN: 2502-0528  I  DOI: 10.35308
Jl. Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
(0655) 7110535 l +621260313742 l +6285277110911
License Creative Commons is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License