The Urgency of Research and Strengthening Entrepreneurship Policies in Generating Business Models in Ex-Conflict Areas

Suadi Zainal

Abstract


Entrepreneurship contributes a lot to the economic growth of a regional area. In former conflict areas, entrepreneurship is a mechanism to facilitate prosperity and peace. The involvement of former conflict actors in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) provided them opportunities to enjoy peace dividends and repair the order of life damaged by prolonged conflict. Even so, failure of MSMEs become a problem because it causes economic stagnation and has the opportunity to create new conflict. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the importance of research and strengthening policies related to entrepreneurship in former conflict areas. This study was conducted in Aceh Utara District using a qualitative approach. The data collection process carried out observation, interviews, and document studies. The empirical facts were analyzed by the stage of data reduction and data categorization, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that one of the causes of failure in MSMEs developments is weak policies and regulations related to community business empowerment. This fact was raised because the policies presented by the stakeholders were not based on research. Indeed, strengthening policies related to MSMEs can be done by making the results of studies and social mapping the primary basis for policymaking. Thus, the development of the MSMEs model for former conflict actors in Aceh has effects on increasing welfare and maintaining sustainable peace.


Keywords


Policy, Entrepreneurship, MSMEs, Conflict Actor, Peace

Full Text:

PDF

References


Affiqah, C., & Fuadi, R. (2019). Penerapan Metode Target Costing dalam Perencanaan Biaya Produksi untuk Optimalisasi Laba pada UMKM Dendeng Sapi Aceh di Banda Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Akuntansi, 4(2), 317-324.

Ansori, M. (2012). From insurgency to bureaucracy: Free Aceh movement, Aceh party and the new face of conflict. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development, 1(1).

Asmara, A. Y. (2016). Pentingnya Riset Kebijakan dalam Pembuatan Kebijakan Publik Unggul di Indonesia. JPSI (Journal of Public Sector Innovations), 1(1), 37-46.

Aspinall, E. (2009). Combatants to contractors: the political economy of peace in Aceh. Indonesia(87), 1-34.

Bahri, R., & Rahmawaty, R. (2019). Analisis Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Dalam Menentukan Harga Jual Produk (Studi Empiris Pada Umkm Dendeng Sapi Di Banda Aceh). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Akuntansi, 4(2), 344-358.

Barron, P., Rahman, E. A., & Nugroho, K. (2013). The Contested Corners of Asia: Subnational Conflict and International Development Assistance: The Case of Aceh, Indonesia: Asia Foudation.

Body, T., & Brown, S. (2005). Reintegration of ex-combatants through micro-enterprise: An operational framework. CPR Network: the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre.

Burns, P. (2016). Entrepreneurship and small business: Palgrave Macmillan Limited.

Chang, J. H., & Rynhart, G. (2016). Enterprise creation, employment and decent work for peace and resilience the role of employer and business membership organizations in conflict zones in Asia. Retrieved from

Djip, V. (2014). Entrepreneurship and SME development in post-conflict societies. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy.

Fadzillah, N. (2019). Strategi Dinas Koperasi UKM dan Perdagangan Kota Banda Aceh Dalam Meningkatkan Perkembangan Industri Kreatif Bagi UMKM. UIN Ar-raniry Banda Aceh,

Hafni, R., & Rozali, A. (2015). Analisis Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (umkm) terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomikawan, 15(2), 78163.

Hajad, V. (2019). Peran Mantan Kombatan Gam Dalam Sektor Ekonomi Pasca Konflik. JPP (Jurnal Politik Profetik), 7(1), 59-79.

Harini, S., Sudarijati, S., & Ashari, I. (2016). Pengaruh Keterlibatan Stakeholders Terhadap Kinerja Umkm. Jurnal Sosial Humaniora, 7(1).

Hillman, B. (2011). The policy-making dimension of post-conflict governance: the experience of Aceh, Indonesia. Conflict, Security & Development, 11(5), 533-553.

Kristiyanti, M. (2012). Peran strategis usaha kecil menengah (UKM) dalam pembangunan nasional. Majalah Ilmiah Informatika, 3(1), 63-89.

Kusago, T. (2005). Post-conflict pro-poor private-sector development: The case of Timor-Leste. Development in Practice, 15(3-4), 502-513.

Lee, T. (2020). Political orders and peace-building: ending the Aceh conflict. Conflict, Security & Development, 20(1), 115-139.

Lemmon, G. T. (2012). Entrepreneurship in postconflict zones: Council on Foreign Relations New York.

Maulina, Y. (2020). Analisis Faktor Determinan Minat Muslimpreneur Dalam Menjalankan Umkm Di Banda Aceh. ETD Unsyiah.

McClelland, D. C. (1987). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. The journal of creative behavior.

Murezeki, Y. W. (2017). Analisis Peningkatan dan Pengembangan Produksi Kopi dari Pasca Panen di UMKM" Bergendaal Koffie" Kabupaten Bener Meriah Aceh.

Nasir, M., Putri, Y. T., Lianti, L., & Dewi, N. (2018). Produk Unggulan Dan Implimentasinya Di Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Ekonis: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 20(2).

Naudé, W. (2007). Peace, prosperity and pro-growth entrepreneurship: WIDER Discussion Paper.

Nazaruddin, M., Sukmawati, C., & Nasution, A. A. (2016). Reintegration And Socio-Economic Transformation For Ex Combatants Of The Free Aceh Movement (Gam) Post-Conflict Era In North Aceh-Indonesia. Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2016).

Noor, I. R., & Setyawati, L. (2014). Pemberdayaan UMKM: Catatan Reflektif Hasil Meta Riset. MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi, 39-58.

Office, I. L. (2010). Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants: Guidelines. In: ILO Geneva.

Ridha, A., & Putri, S. (2017). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Usaha Kerajinan Tas Aceh di Desa Ulee Madon Kecamatan Muara Batu Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomika, 1(1), 86-93.

Ridhwan, M., Fauzi, F., & Daud, S. (2015). TRANSISI EKONOMI POLITIK GAM: Kajian Arah Pembangunan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka GAM. Fikiran Masyarakat, 3(2), 88-96.

Stange, G., & Patock, R. (2010). From rebels to rulers and legislators: The political transformation of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 29(1), 95-120.

Suci, Y. R. (2017). Perkembangan UMKM (Usaha mikro kecil dan menengah) di Indonesia. Cano Ekonomos, 6(1), 51-58.

Sustikarini, A. (2019). Financing Peace: Special Autonomy Fund as a Peace Dividend in Aceh, Indonesia. JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies), 7(2), 99-121.

Tibrani, T., & Ubaidullah, U. (2019). Peran Komite Peralihan Aceh Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Mantan Kombatan GAM. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik, 4(4).

Tyas, A. A. W. P., & Safitri, V. I. (2014). Penguatan sektor UMKM sebagai strategi menghadapi MEA 2015. Jurnal Ekonomi Universitas Esa Unggul, 5(1), 17895.

Utomo, M., Hadi, S., & Nur Djuli, M. (2009). Identifying the Foundations for Sustainable Peace and Development in Aceh: Multistakeholder Review of Post-conflict Programming in Aceh. World Bank Group and Dutch Ministry of Foriegn Affairs, Jakarta.

Winarni, W. (2019). Membangun Perekonomian Rakyat Dengan Kewirausahaan Umkm. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen STIE Assholeh, 8(1), 26-38.

Yunus, S., Zainal, S., Jalil, F., & Abubakar, M. (2015). Local Economic Empowerment of the Ex-Gam (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka/Free Aceh Movement Former Combatant) and Conflict Victims through Palm Oil Plantation Aid Program In East Aceh. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(10 (1)), 119-124.

Yusrilsya, M., & Mahalli, K. (2013). Peranan CSR PT. Arun Ngl Dalam Pengembangan UKM Di Aceh Utara. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 1(11), 14768.

Zainal, S., & bin Abubakar, M. (2021). Involvement of Female Ex-Conflict Actors in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Aceh. Paper presented at the International Conference on Social Science, Political Science, and Humanities (ICoSPOLHUM 2020).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v8i3.5539

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Suadi Zainal

Jurnal Public Policy
p-ISSN: 2477-5738  I  e-ISSN: 2502-0528  I  DOI: 10.35308
Jl. Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
(0655) 7110535 l +621260313742 l +6285277110911
License Creative Commons is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License