Baseline Indicator for Program Evaluation: Case Study of Millennial Farmer Program in West Java Province

Dicky Eka Kurniawan, Sinta Ningrum, Ida Widianingsih

Abstract


The design of a policy or program evaluation study is both descriptive and analytical. On the one hand, evaluators try to describe what has happened, and on the other hand, try to explain why it happened. To do this, evaluators need to observe what happens before and after the policy or program is implemented. This research aims to describe phenomena related to the agricultural sector in West Java Province before the millennial farmer program was implemented in 2021. Such knowledge will be useful as baseline indicator when assessing the program's performance and impact. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design and a literature study review. The data source used is secondary data in the form of previous study and statistical data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The results showed that there were six empirical phenomena that described the condition of the West Java agricultural sector before the millennial farmer program was implemented, namely the percentage of young farmers that continued to decline, the low average wage of agricultural workers, the deficit exchange rate of farmers (NTP), the structure of the agricultural sector workforce that shifted towards non-agriculture, the contribution of the agricultural sector to GRDP that decreased, and the position of agriculture as a lagging business sector according to the results of Klassen analysis. These six phenomena can be used as baseline indicators to assess program performance and impact in the next five or ten years.


Keywords


Farmer Regeneration, Program, Policy, Evaluation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Agustino, L. (2020). Dasar-Dasar Kebijakan Publik (Edisi Ke-2). CV Alfabeta.

Alkin, M. C., & Vo, A. T. (2018). Evaluation Essentials From A to Z (Second Edi). The Guilford Press.

Ariyo, J. A., & Mortimore, M. (2012). Youth Farming and Nigeria’s Development Dilemma: The Shonga Experiment. IDS Bulletin, 43(6), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2012.00379.x

Attavanich, W. (2016). Did the Thai rice-pledging programme improve the economic performance and viability of rice farming? Applied Economics, 48(24), 2253–2265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1117049

Bappenas. (2022). Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. http://sdgsindonesia.or.id/

BPS. (2022). Produk Domestik Bruto (Lapangan Usaha) 2022. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/11/65/1/-seri-2010-pdb-seri-2010.html

Carbone, A., & Subioli, G. (2011). The generation turnover in agriculture: The ageing dynamics and the EU support policies to young farmers. In The Common Agricultural Policy after the Fischler Reform: National Implementations, Impact Assessment and the Agenda for Future Reforms (pp. 375–390). Ashgate Publishing Ltd. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900697923&partnerID=40&md5=476142ca37fff2388d6faa1870dd0e16

Chuang, J.-H., Wang, J.-H., & Liang, C. (2020). Implementation of internet of things depends on intention: Young farmers’ willingness to accept innovative technology. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 23(2), 253–266. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2019.0121

Coopmans, I., Dessein, J., Accatino, F., Antonioli, F., Bertolozzi-Caredio, D., Gavrilescu, C., Gradziuk, P., Manevska-Tasevska, G., Meuwissen, M., Peneva, M., Urquhart, J., & Wauters, E. (2021). Understanding farm generational renewal and its influencing factors in Europe. Journal of Rural Studies, 86, 398–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.06.023

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, D. J. (2018). Reserach Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Fifth). SAGE Publications Inc.

Davis, J., Caskie, P., & Wallace, M. (2013). Promoting structural adjustment in agriculture: The economics of New Entrant Schemes for farmers. Food Policy, 40, 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.02.006

Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, J.-M., & Piñeiro, V. (2022). Using Collective Farming to Improve Farm Structures and Drive Generational Renewal in SpainLe recours à l’agriculture collective pour améliorer les structures agricoles et stimuler le renouvellement générationnel en EspagneKollektive Landwirtschaft zur Ve. EuroChoices, 21(2), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12361

Hamilton, W., Bosworth, G., & Ruto, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial Younger Farmers and the “Young Farmer Problem” in England. The Journal “Agriculture and Forestry,” 61(4), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.17707/agricultforest.61.4.05

Handayani, D. A., & Partinah. (2012). Keadaan Angkatan Kerja di Provinsi Jawa Barat - Agustus 2011. BPS Provinsi Jawa Barat.

Hendriadi, A. (2016). Kesepahaman NTP dan NTUP Sebagai Indikator Kesejahterakan Petani. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20161206/99/609567/kesepahaman-ntp-dan-ntup-sebagai-indikator-kesejahterakan-petani

Hounsome, B., Edwards, R. T., Hounsome, N., & Edwards-Jones, G. (2012). Psychological morbidity of farmers and non-farming population: Results from a uk survey. Community Mental Health Journal, 48(4), 503–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-011-9415-8

Irawan, H., Ayuningrum, F. T., Hutajulu, R. S., Nurhalimah, Amin, Y. F., Rosiana, N., Rakhmawan, S. A., & Indriyantika, D. F. (2021). Analisis Mobilitas Tenaga Kerja Hasil Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik.

Jansuwan, P., & Zander, K. K. (2021). Getting young people to farm: How effective is thailand’s young smart farmer programme? Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111611

Jawa Barat, P. (2021). Pembangunan Sumber Daya Manusia Pertanian, Perikanan, Dan Kehutanan Melalui Program Petani Milenial Di Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat.

Kadzamira, M. A. T. J., & Kazembe, C. (2015). Youth engagement in agricultural policy processes in Malawi. Development Southern Africa, 32(6), 801–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2015.1063984

Katti, S., Pratiwi, D., & Setiahadi, R. (2019). Klassen Typology Approach for Analysis of the Role of Competitiveness Agricultural Sector. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 347(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/347/1/012106

Leonard, B., Kinsella, A., O’Donoghue, C., Farrell, M., & Mahon, M. (2017). Policy drivers of farm succession and inheritance. Land Use Policy, 61, 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.09.006

Liontakis, A., Sintori, A., & Tzouramani, I. (2021). The role of the start-up aid for young farmers in the adoption of innovative agricultural activities: The case of aloe vera. Agriculture (Switzerland), 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040349

Maïga, W. H. E., Porgo, M., Zahonogo, P., Amegnaglo, C. J., Coulibaly, D. A., Flynn, J., Seogo, W., Traoré, S., Kelly, J. A., & Chimwaza, G. (2020). A systematic review of employment outcomes from youth skills training programmes in agriculture in low- and middle-income countries. Nature Food, 1(10), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-00172-x

May, D., Arancibia, S., Behrendt, K., & Adams, J. (2019). Preventing young farmers from leaving the farm: Investigating the effectiveness of the young farmer payment using a behavioural approach. Land Use Policy, 82, 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.019

Morais, M., Binotto, E., & Borges, J. A. R. (2017). Identifying beliefs underlying successors’ intention to take over the farm. Land Use Policy, 68(April), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.07.024

Mucharam, I., Rustiadi, E., Fauzi, A., & Harianto. (2019). Development of sustainable agricultural indicators at provincial levels in Indonesia: A Case study of rice. In Widiatmaka (Ed.), 1st International Seminar on Natural Resources and Environmental Management 2019, ISeNREM 2019 (Vol. 399, Issue 1). Institute of Physics Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/399/1/012054

Mufariq, A., Ningrum, S., Irawati, I., & Widianingsih, I. (2022). Innovation for Sustainable Productivity in Agricultural Land Conversion. KnE Social Sciences, 2022(1), 708–719. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i5.10588

Nandi, R., Pratheepa, C. M., Nedumaran, S., Rao, N., & Rengalakshmi, R. (2022). Farm Parent and Youth Aspirations on the Generational Succession of Farming: Evidence From South India. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.804581

Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. In Teaching Sociology (Seventh Ed, Vol. 30, Issue 3). Pearson Education Limited.

Ningrum, S. (2011). Kesejahteraan Petani, Siapa Peduli? Penerbit AIPI Bandung.

Nipers, A., & Pilvere, I. (2020). Age Structure of Farm Owners and Managers: Problems and the Solutions Thereto in Latvia. Rural Sustainability Research, 44(339), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.2478/plua-2020-0013

Palacios, S. P. I. (2005). Farmers’ attitudes towards sustainable agriculture in Japan. Japanese Studies, 25(2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/10371390500226266

Pechrová, M. Š., Šimpach, O., Medonos, T., Spěšná, D., & Delín, M. (2018). What are the motivation and barriers of young farmers to enter the sector? Agris On-Line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 10(4), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2018.100409

Phiboon, K., Cochetel, C., & Faysse, N. (2019). Support programmes and the diversity of young farmers in Thailand: A good match? Outlook on Agriculture, 48(4), 300–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727019880559

Rahman, H., Syaukat, Y., Hutagaol, P., & Firdaus, M. (2020). Perkembangan Konversi Lahan Pertanian Beririgasi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Penguasaan Lahan Petani di Daerah Irigasi Jatiluhur Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis (JEPA), 4(2), 384–399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2020.004.02.16

Rigg, J., Phongsiri, M., Promphakping, B., Salamanca, A., & Sripun, M. (2020). Who will tend the farm? Interrogating the ageing Asian farmer. Journal of Peasant Studies, 47(2), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2019.1572605

Rittirong, J., Prasartkul, P., & Rindfuss, R. R. (2014). From whom do older persons prefer support? The case of rural Thailand. Journal of Aging Studies, 31, 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2014.10.002

Sdgadmin. (2020). Strategi Ekonomi Sektor Pertanian di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. https://sdgcenter.unpad.ac.id/strategi-ekonomi-sektor-pertanian-di-tengah-pandemi-covid-19/

Smith, K. B., & Larimer, C. W. (2009). The Public Poicy Theory Primer. Westview Press.

Sroka, W., Dudek, M., Wojewodzic, T., & Król, K. (2019). Generational changes in agriculture: The influence of farm characteristics and socio-economic factors. Agriculture (Switzerland), 9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9120264

Susilowati, H. (2016). Fenomena Penuaan Petani dan Berkurangnya Tenaga Kerja Muda Serta Implikasinya Bagi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian. Forum Penelit. Agroecon., 34(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v34n1.2016.35-55

Sutopo, S. E. (2021). Keadaan Angkatan Kerja di Provinsi Jawa Barat - Agustus 2020. BPS Provinsi Jawa Barat.

Vanslembrouck, I., Van Huylenbroeck, G., & Verbeke, W. (2002). Determinants of the willingness of Belgian farmers to participate in agri-environmental measures. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 53(3), 489–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2002.tb00034.x

Watanabe, M., Jinji, N., & Kurihara, M. (2009). Is the development of the agro-processing industry pro-poor?: The case of Thailand. Journal of Asian Economics, 20(4), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2009.04.004

Wehantouw, A. D., Manginsela, E. P., & Moniaga, V. R. B. (2018). Faktor Beralihnya Tenaga Kerja Anak Petani Ke Sektor Non-Pertanian Di Desa Treman Kecamatan Kauditan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Agri-Sosioekonomi, 14(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.14.2.2018.20098

White, B. (2020). Prelims - Agriculture and the Generation Problem. Agriculture and the Generation Problem, 43(6), i–xii. https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780447421.000

Wibawa, S., Purbokusumo, Y., & Pramusinto, A. (1994). Evaluasi Kebijakan Publik. PT RajaGrafindo Persada.

Widhiningsih, D. F. (2020). Young farmers’ motivation and participation in horticultural organic farming in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 11(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSESD.2020010104

Young, A. (2013). INEQUALITY, THE URBAN-RURAL GAP, AND MIGRATION* Alwyn Young. 1727–1785. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt025.Advance

Yuniarvi, R. D., Luswara, I., & Farida, Y. (2017). Analisis Mobilitas Tenaga Kerja Hasil Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional 2016. Badan Pusat Statistik.

Zagata, L., Hádková, Š., & Mikovcová, M. (2015). Basic outline of the problem of the “ageing population of farmers” in the Czech Republic. Agris On-Line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 7(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2015.070110

Zagata, L., & Sutherland, L. A. (2015). Deconstructing the “young farmer problem in Europe”: Towards a research agenda. Journal of Rural Studies, 38(2015), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.01.003

Żmija, K., Fortes, A., Tia, M. N., Šūmane, S., Ayambila, S. N., Żmija, D., Satoła, & Sutherland, L.-A. (2020). Small farming and generational renewal in the context of food security challenges. Global Food Security, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100412




DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v9i4.7832

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Dicky Eka Kurniawan, Sinta Ningrum, Ida Widianingsih

Jurnal Public Policy
p-ISSN: 2477-5738  I  e-ISSN: 2502-0528  I  DOI: 10.35308
Jl. Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
(0655) 7110535 l +621260313742 l +6285277110911
License Creative Commons is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License