4.png)
Pengelolaan Penyakit Pasca Panen pada Buah dan Sayur dengan Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Alami
Abstract
Buah dan sayur merupakan komponen diet yang sangat penting bagi manusia untuk mencegah berbagai penyakit kronis. Produk segar dapat mengalami beberapa jenis stres selama dalam penanganan. Umumnya gejala stres tidak mempengaruhi keseluruhan kualitas produk, namun akan semakin jelas terlihat seiring dengan penurunan kualitas produk. Kerugian ini merupakan dampak dari kerusakan fisik, stres karena pelukaan atau infeksi laten yang disebabkan oleh jamur atau bakteri yang dimulai sejak masa pra panen. Kebanyakan negara berkembang berada di daerah tropis yang menyebabkan sistem penanganan produk hortikultura dipengaruhi oleh tingginya suhu dan kelembaban. Di negara-negara miskin, kehilangan hasil selama rantai pemasaran dapat mencapai hingga 50%. Mengganti penggunaan fungisida sintetik dengan produk alam (umumnya yang berasal dari ekstrak tanaman) yang tidak beracun dan memiliki cara kerja yang spesifik semakin mendapatkan perhatian saat ini. Senyawa alami yang diproduksi oleh buah selama masa pematangan telah menunjukkan potensi yang cukup tinggi untuk digunakan sebagai pencegahan serangan busuk oleh patogen
Kata kunci: Buah dan sayur; Ekstrak alami; Penyakit pasca panen
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Zoreki, NS. (2009). Antimicrobial Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Fruit Peels. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 134: 244-248.
Amorim L., Martins MC., Lourenço SA., Gutierrez ASD., Abreu FM., Gonçalves F. (2008) Stone Fruit Injuries and Damage at the Wholesale Market of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 47(3): 353-357.
Anand T., Bhaskaran R. (2009). Exploitation of Plant Products and Bioagents for Ecofriendly Management of Chili Fruit Rot Disease. J. Plant Prot. Res. 49(2): 195-203.
Angkat, SE., Soesanto, L., Pramono, E. (2006). The Effect of Kinds and Application Time of Botanical Fungicides on Anthracnose Development of Postharvest Banana. J. Pembangunan Pedesaan. 6(1): 32-42.
Angraeni L., Hamauzu Y., Thongdeesoontorn W., Naradisorn M. (2019). Control of Mango Anthracnose by Using Chinese Quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis) Seed Extract. Food and Applied. Biosci. J. 7 (Special Issue on Agriculture and Agro-Industry): 72-89.
Antunes, MDC., Cavaco, AM. (2010). The Use of Essential Oils for Postharvest Decay Control. A Review. Flavour Fragr. J. 25: 351-366.
Askarne L., Talibi I., Boubaker H., Boudyach E.H., Msanda F., Saadi B., Serghini M.A., Ait Ben Aoumar A. et al. (2012). In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Several Moroccan Plants against Penicillium italicum, The Causal Agent of Citrus Blue Mold. Crop Prot. 40: 53-58.
Avila-Sosa R., Gastélum-Reynoso G., García-Juárez M., Meneses-Sánchez MDLC., Navarro-Cruz AR., Dávila-Márquez RM. (2011). Evaluation of Different Mexican Plant Extracts to Control Anthracnose. Food Bioprocess Technol. 4: 655-659.
Bagamboula C.F., Uyttendaele M., Debevere J. (2004). Inhibitory Effect of Thyme and Basil Essential Oils, Carvacol, Thymol, Estragol, Linalool and p-Cymene towards Shigella sonnei and S. flexneri. Food Microbiol. 21: 33-42.
Bajpai VK., Shukla S., Kang SC. (2008) Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil and Various Extract of Silene armeria L. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 8903-8908.
Banik AK., Kaiser SAKM., Dhua RS. (1998). Influence of Temperature and Humidity on The Growth and Development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Diplodia natalensis Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Mango. Advances in Plant Sciences 11: 51-57.
Bautista-Banos S., Hernandez-Lauzardo AN., del Valle, MGV., Hernandez-Lopez M., Ait Barka E., Bosquez-Molina E., Wilson CL. (2006). Chitosan as A Potential Natural Compound to Control Pre- and Postharvest Diseases of Horticultural Commodities. Crop Prot. 25: 108-118.
Batu A. (2003). Temperature Effects on Fruit Quality of Mature Green Tomatoes during Controlled Atmosphere Storage. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 3: 201-208.
Bokshi AI., Morris SC., McConchie R. (2007). Environmentally-Safe Control of Postharvest Diseases of Melons (Cucumis melo) by Integrating Heat Treatment, Safe Chemicals, and Systemic Acquired Resistance. N. Z. J. Crop Hort. 35(2): 179-186.
Brackett RE. (1993). Microbial quality. In R.L. Swefelt and S.E. Prussia (Eds.) Postharvest Handling, a Systems Approach, New York: Academic Press Inc.
Burt S. (2004). Essential Oils: Their Antibacterial Properties and Potential Applications in Foods, A Review. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 94: 223-253.
Buys EM., Nortje GL. (1997). HACCP and Its Impact on Processing and Handling of Fresh Red Meats’, Food Industries of South Africa, October Issue.
Clark CJ., Jordan RB., Meier X., Manning MA. (2003). Effect of Mechanical and Water‐Based Postharvest Treatments on Storability of ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). N. Z. J. Crop Hort. 31(3): 247-254.
Coursey DG., Booth RH. (1972). The Post-Harvest Pythopathology of Perishable Tropical Produce. Review of Plant Pathology. 51: 751-765.
Cowan MM. (1999). Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12: 564-582.
Das K., Tiwari RKS., Shrivastava DK. (2010). Techniques for Evaluation of Medicinal Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agent: Current Methods and Future Trends. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(2): 104-111.
Dianz F., Santos M., Blanco R., Tello JC. (2002). Fungicide Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Isolate from Strawberry Crops in Huelva (southwestern Spain). Phytoparasitica 30: 529-534.
Dogheim SM., El-Marsafy AM., Salama EY., Gadalla, SA., Nabil YM. (2002). Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Fruits and Vegetables during 1997. Food Addit. Contam. 1: 1015-1027.
Duamkhananee R. (2008). Natural Essential Oils from Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) to Control Postharvest Anthracnose of Mango Fruit. Int. J. Biotechnology, 10(1): 104-108.
El Ghaouth A., Arul J., Wilson C., Benhamou N. (1997). Biochemical and Cytological Aspects of The Interactions of Chitosan and Botrytis cinerea in Bell Pepper Fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 12: 183-194.
Fallik E. (2004). Prestorage Hot Water Treatments (Immersion, Rinsing and Brushing). Postharvest Biol. Tecnol. 32(2): 125-134.
Fernandez M., Pico Y., Manes J. (2001). Pesticide Residues in Orange from Valencia (Spain). Food Addit. Contam. 18: 615-624.
Fitzell RD., Muirhead IF. (1983). Reducing Postharvest Disease in Cultivar Fuerte Avocados Persea americana by Temperature Management’, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 23: 331-336.
Fravel DR. (2005). Commercialization and Implementation of Biocontrol. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 43: 337-359.
French RC. (1985). The Bioregulatory Action of Flavor Compounds on Fungal Spores and Other Propagules. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 23: 173-199.
Gurjar MS., Ali S., Akhtar M., Singh KS. (2012). Efficacy of Plant Extracts in Plant Disease Management. Agricultural Sciences 3(3): 425-433.
Godfrey SAC., Marshall JW. (2002). Identification of Cold-Tolerant Pseudomonas viridiflava and P. marginalis causing Severe Carrot Postharvest Bacterial Soft Rot during Refrigerated Export From New Zealand. Plant Pathol. 51(2): 155-162.
Harker FR., Gunson FA., Jaeger SR. (2003). The Case for Fruit Quality: An Interpretive Review of Consumer Attitudes, and Preferences for Apples. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 28(3): 333-347.
Hobbs BC., Gilbert RJ. (1978). Food Poisoning and Food Hygiene, 4th ed. London: Edward Arnold.
Hossain MA., Ismail Z., Rahman A., Kang SC. (2008). Chemical Composition and Anti-Fungal Properties of The Essential Oils and Crude Extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Ind. Crops Prod. 27: 328-334.
Ippolito A., Nigro F. (2000). Impact of Preharvest Application of Biological Agents on Postharvest Diseases of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Crop Prot. 19: 715-723.
Isman, B.M., 2000. Plant Essential Oils for Pest and Disease Management. Crop Prot. 19: 603-608.
Jeffries P., Jeger MJ. (1990). The Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. Postharvest News Inform. 1: 365-368.
Karim H., Boubaker H., Askarne L., Talibi I., Msanda F., Boudyach EH., Saadi B., Aoumar AAB. (2015). Antifungal Properties of Organic Extracts of Eight Cistus L. Species against Postharvest Citrus Sour Rot. Letters in Applied Microbiology 62: 16-22.
Korsten, L. (2006). Advances in Control of Postharvest Diseases in Tropical Fresh Produce. Int. J. Postharvest Technology and Innovation. 1(1): 48-61.
Lattanzio V. (2003). Bioactive Polyphenols: Their Role in Quality and Storability of Fruit and Vegetables. J. Appl. Bot. 77: 128-146.
Lee MH., Bostock RM. (2007). Fruit Exocarp Phenols in Relation to Quiescence and Development of Monilinia fructicola Infections in Prunus spp.: A Role for Cellular Redox? Phytopathology 97(3): 268-277.
Lingk W. (1991). Health Risk Evaluation of Pesticide Contaminations in Drinking Water. Gesunde Pflangen. 43: 21-25.
Lizada C. (1993). Fruit Handling Systems in Developing Countries. Postharvest Handling of Tropical Fruits, ACIAR Publications, Vol. 50.
Mahovic MJ., Tenney JD., Bartz JA. (2007). Applications of Chlorine Dioxide Gas for Control of Bacterial Soft Rot in Tomatoes. Plant Dis. 91(10): 1316-1320.
Mari M., Guizzardi M. (1998) The Postharvest Phase: Emerging Technologies for The Control of Fungal Diseases. Phytoparasitica 26: 59-66.
Mari M., Bertolini P., Pratella GC. (2003). Non-Conventional Methods for The Control of Postharvest Pear Diseases. J. Appl. Microbiol. 94: 761-766.
Moorman GW. (2014). Botrytis or Gray Mold. Fact Sheet. College of Agricultural Science. Penn, St. Univ. Ext. USA.
Moss MO. (2002). Mycotoxin Review – 1. Aspergillus and Penicillium. Mycologist. 16(3): 116-119.
Nicosia MGLD., Pangallo S., Raphael G., Romeo FV., Strano MC., Rapisarda P., Droby S., Schena L. (2016). Control of Postharvest Fungal Rots on Citrus Fruit and Sweet Cherries using a Pomegranate Peel Extract. Postharvest Biology and Technology 114: 54-61.
Niklis N, Sfakiotakis E., Thanassoupoulos CC. (1993). In Cellular and Molecular Aspects of the Plant Hormone Ethylene, J. C. Pech, C. Balague (Eds). Kluwer Academic: Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 255.
Ogawa JM., English H. (1991). Fungal Diseases of Stone Fruits. Diseases of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit and Nut Crops. University of California. Div. Agric. and Ntl. Res. Publication. 3345.
Palou L., Smilanick JL., Droby S. (2008). Alternatives to Conventional Fungicides for The Control of Citrus Postharvest Green and Blue Moulds. Stewart Postharvest Review 2: 1-16.
Parmar BS., Devkumar C. (1993). Pesticides: Future Scenario. In: Botanical and Biopesticides. Westvill Publishing House, New Delhi, 197-199.
Paull R.E., Nishijima W., Reyes M., Cavalleto C. (1997). Postharvest Handling and Losses during Marketing of Papaya (Carica papaya L.). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 11(3): 165-179.
Phillips DJ. (1984). Mycotoxins as a Postharvest Problem. In: Moline HE. (Ed.), Postharvest Pathology of Fruits and Vegetables: Postharvest Losses in Perishable Crops. Agricultural Experimental Station, University of California, Berkeley Publications, NE, 50–54.
R. Porat, D. Pavoncello, J. Peretz, S. Ben-Yehoshua, S. Lurie. (2000). Effects of Various Heat Traetments on The Induction of Cold Tolerance and on The Postharvest Qualities of ‘Star Ruby’ Grapefruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 18(2): 159-165.
Prusky D. (2011). Reduction of The Incidence of Postharvest Quality Losses, and Future. Prospects Food Secur. 3: 463-474.
Ragsdale NN., Sisler HD. (1994). Social and Political Implications of Managing Plant Diseases with Decreased Availability of Fungicides in The United States. Annual Review of Phytopathology 32: 545-557.
Ragsdale NN. (2000). The Impact of The Food Quality Protection on The Future of Plant Disease Management. Phytopathology 38: 577-596.
Rahman M., Ahmad SH., Mohamed MTM., Rahman MZA. (2011). Extraction of Jatropha curcas Fruits for Antifungal Activity against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of Papaya. African Journal of Biotechnology.10(48): 9796-9799.
Rauha JP., Remes S., Heinonen M., Hopia A., Kahkonen M., Kujala T., Pihlaja K., Vuorela H.. Vuorela P. (2000). Antimicrobial Effects of Finnish Plant Extracts Containing Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 56: 3-12.
Reimann S., Deising HB. (2000). Fungicides: Risk of Resistance Development and Search for New Targets. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 33: 329-349.
Richards GM., Beuchat LR. (2005). Infection of Cantaloupe Rind with Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium expansum, and Associated Migration of Salmonella poona into Edible Tissues. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 103(1): 1-10.
Scheuerell S., Mahaffee W. (2002). Compost Tea: Principles and Prospects for Plant Disease Control. Compost Science & Utilization, 10: 313-338.
Schneeman BO. (2004). Plenary Lecture 6: Emerging Food Technology and World Helath. J. Food Sci. 69(4): CRH123-CRH126.
Sharma RR., Pongener, A. (2010). Natural Products for Postharvest Decay Control in Horticultural Produce: A Review. Stewart Postharvest Review 4: 1-9.
Smid EJ., Witte YD., Gorris LGM. (1995). Secondary Plant Metabolites as Control Agents of Postharvest Penicillium Rot of Tulip Bulbs. Postharvest Biology and Technology 6: 303-312.
Smith SM., Scott JW., Bartz JA., Sargent SA. (2008). Diallel Analysis of Fruit Water Absorption in Tomato, a Contributing Factor in Postharvest Decays. J. Am. Soc. Horticult. Sci. 133(1): 55-60.
Snowdon AL. (1990). A Color Atlas of Post-harvest Diseases and Disorders of Fruits and Vegetables: General Introduction and Fruits, Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 302.
Stockwell VO., Stack JP. (2007). Using Pseudomonas spp. for Integrated Biological Control. Phytopathology 97(2): 244-249.
Susanti S., Kusmiadi R., Aini SN. (2017). Efficacy Testing The Extracts of Noni Leaf, Basil Leaf, and Guava Leaf in Inhibiting the Growth of Colletrotrichum gloesporioides in Papaya. Agrosainstek 1(1): 16-22
Terry LA., Joyce DC. (2004). Elicitors of Induced Disease Resistance in Postharvest Horticultural Crops: A Brief Review. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 32(1): 1-13.
Thompson JF., Mitchell FG., Kasmire RF. (2002). Cooling Horticultural Commodities. In A.A. Kader (Ed.) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Regents of the University of California, CA, 97–112.
Tournas VH. (2005). Spoilage of Vegetable Crops by Bacteria and Fungi and Related Health Hazards. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 31(1): 33-44.
Tripathi P., Dubey, NK. (2004). Exploitation of Natural Products as An Alternative Strategy to Control Postharvest Fungal Rotting of Fruit and Vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 32(3): 235-245.
Wade WN., Beuchat LR. (2003) Proteolytic Fungi Isolated from Decayed and Damaged Raw Tomatoes and Implications Associated with Changes in Pericarp pH Favorable for Survival and Growth of Foodborne Pathogens. Journal of Food Protection 66(6): 911-917.
Wang W., Ben-Daniel BH., Cohen Y. (2004). Control of Plant Diseases by Extracts of Inula viscosa. Phytopathology, 94: 1042-1047.
Wells JM., Butterfield JE. (1997). Salmonella Contamination Associated with Bacterial Soft Rot of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in the Marketplace. Plant Dis. 81(8): 867-872.
Wilson CL., El-Ghaouth A., Wisniewski ME. (1999). Prospecting in Nature’s Storehouse for Biopesticides. Conferencia Magistral Revista Maxicana de Fitopatologia 17: 49-53.
Wisniewski ME., Basset CL., Artlip TS., Webb RP., Janisiewickz WJ., Norelli JL., Goldway M., Droby S. (2003). Characterization of A Defesin in Bark and Fruit Tissues of Peach and Antimicrobial Activity of a Recombinant Defesin in The Yeast, Pichia pastoris Physiol. Plant. 119(4): 563-572.
Yang H., Irudayaraj J. (2003). Rapid Detection of Foodborne Microorganisms on Food Surface using Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy. Journal of Molecular Structure 646: 35-43.
Zahida P., Masud SZ.(2002). Fungicide Residues in Apple and Citrus Fruits after Postharvest Treatment. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 45: 246-249.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jtpp.v1i1.1404
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN PERTANIAN
e-ISSN: 2723-5157 --- DOI: 10.35308
UNIVERSITAS TEUKU UMAR
Jl. Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23681, Indonesia.
+62 655-7110535 ; +6285260005998
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------