Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Pada cairan Fermentasi Buah Kopi Arabika
Abstract
Fermentasi merupakan tahapan penting dalam pengolahan kopi Arabika yang melibatkan aktivitas berbagai mikroorganisme. Proses ini tidak hanya memengaruhi mutu biji kopi, tetapi juga menghasilkan cairan hasil samping yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai produk minuman probiotik agroindustri berbasis mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi dinamika populasi mikroba pada cairan hasil samping fermentasi kopi Arabika selama proses fermentasi. Pengambilan sampel cairan fermentasi dilakukan pada interval waktu fermentasi 5 hari, 10 hari, dan 15 hari. Analisis meliputi perhitungan total mikroba menggunakan metode Total Plate Count (TPC), isolasi bakteri asam laktat menggunakan media de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar (MRSA), serta pengukuran Uji Pewarnaan Gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan secara signifikan populasi mikroba selama fermentasi, Pada fermentasi hari ke-5 jumlah populasi mikroba tercatat sebesar 3,09×108 CFU/mL, meningkat menjadi 9,2×108 CFU/mL pada hari ke-10, dan mencapai puncaknya sebesar 3,09×1010 CFU/mL pada hari ke-15. Hasil pengamatan mikroskopis melalui pewarnaan Gram menunjukkan isolat Gram positif berbentuk batang (basil) pada seluruh tahap fermentasi. Isolat dari hari ke-5 memperlihatkan kepadatan sel yang rendah, meningkat menjadi lebih kompak pada hari ke-10, dan mencapai kepadatan tertinggi pada hari ke-15. Morfologi isolat yang konsisten dengan genus Lactobacillus menunjukkan bahwa waktu fermentasi merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan dinamika pertumbuhan populasi mikroba. Dinamika ini mengindikasikan peran penting mikroorganisme dalam proses fermentasi kopi serta potensi cairan hasil samping sebagai sumber mikroba fungsional. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar pemanfaatan cairan hasil samping fermentasi kopi Arabika dalam pengembangan produk agroindustri dan bioteknologi.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jtpp.v7i2.14086
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