Sustainable Tourism Development in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone: A Comprehensive Analysis of Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts

Ilham Zitri, Cahyadi Kurniawan, Mishan Joni, Ahmad Harakan

Abstract


This study aims to analyze the implementation of sustainable tourism development in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (KEK), Central Lombok, and its impacts on social, economic, and environmental aspects. As an area prioritized in the development of super-priority destinations by the Indonesian government, the Mandalika SEZ is an important case study in seeing how the principles of sustainable development are applied in the tourism sector. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach that relies on secondary data from various previous literature sources, government reports, and relevant documentation. Data analysis was carried out with the help of Nvivo 12 Plus software to group key themes and understand patterns in the data collected. The results of the study show that development in the Mandalika SEZ does not only focus on physical and infrastructure aspects but also includes empowering local communities through strengthening the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector, such as agriculture, coffee entrepreneurship, and handicrafts. Tourism has been shown to contribute significantly to local economic growth, creating jobs and increasing community income. This is reflected in the increase in the Human Development Index (HDI) of Central Lombok, which reached 67.57% in 2022. From the environmental side, air and soil quality indicators show significant improvement, with the target of increasing the ecological quality index by 43.31% in 2026, running according to plan, and reaching 43.03% in 2023. Tourism development in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone shows a positive direction in realizing sustainable development. A comprehensive approach to social, economic, and environmental aspects shows that tourism development can be a strategic instrument in improving the quality of life of local communities while preserving the environment.


Keywords


Central Lombok; Mandalika Special Region; Sustainable Development.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adam, L. (2019). Promoting the Indonesian Special Economic Zones for Tourism: Lessons from Mandalika and Tanjung Kelayang. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 65(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.47291/efi.v65i1.609

Ali, M., Jailani, M. A., Setiawan, R. E. B., & Kurniawan, C. (2023). Meta-Analysis: Trends of Digital Democracy Research Publications. Journal of Government and Civil Society, 7(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v7i1.5723

Åmot, I., & Bjerklund, M. (2023). Kulturell bærekraft - praksiser i samiske barnehager. Nordisk Barnehageforskning. https://doi.org/10.23865/nbf.v19.333

Aprilani, T. L. A., Yuliarmi, Y., & Marhaeni, A. (2021). The Role of The Government in Development of Community-Based Tourism on Economic Growth Inclusivity. Journal of The Community Development in Asia, 4(1), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v4i1.1002

Ardhiati, Y., Begin, D. T., & Hariprasetyo, T. (2021). Mandalika: Eco-cultural Tourism in Lombok. International Journal of Architectonic, Spatial, and Environmental Design, 16(2), 61–73. https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-1662/CGP/v16i02/61-73

Basan, F., Fischer, J. G., Putland, R., Brinkkemper, J., de Jong, C. A. F., Binnerts, B., Norro, A., Kühnel, D., Ødegaard, L. A., Andersson, M., Lalander, E., Tougaard, J., Griffiths, E. T., Kosecka, M., Edwards, E., Merchant, N. D., de Jong, K., Robinson, S., Wang, L., & Kinneging, N. (2024). The underwater soundscape of the North Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115891

Brida, J. G., Ford, L., & Olivera, M. (2023). Research progress, trends, and updates on the relationship between tourism, economic growth and energy consumption: a bibliometric analysis. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2023.2228542

Caraka, R. E., Wardhana, I. W., Kim, Y., Sakti, A. D., Gio, P. U., Noh, M., & Pardamean, B. (2023). Connectivity, sport events, and tourism development of Mandalika’s special economic zone: A perspective from big data cognitive analytics. Cogent Business and Management, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2183565

Chambers, R., & Conway, G. (1992). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century, IDS Discussion Paper 296. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.

Dwiastuti, I. (2023). Promoting Women’s Economic Empowerment in Achieving Rural Economic Development: Case Study in Lombok Island, Indonesia. Rural Development for Sustainable Social-Ecological Systems, 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34225-7_5

Fonseca, L. M., Domingues, J. P., & Dima, A. M. (2020). Mapping the sustainable development goals relationships. Sustainability (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083359

Haase, D. (2021). Continuous integration in urban social-ecological systems science needs to allow for spacing co-existence: This article belongs to Ambio’s 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Urbanization. Ambio. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01449-y

Hendra, H., Oktadiana, H., Djati, S. P., & ... (2023). Applying the model of experience economy and intimacy to the sustainable development of culinary tourism of Majapahit Indigenous Food in Indonesia. Enrichment ….

Ibrahim, Iskandar, S., Zitri, I., & Pratama, I. N. (2024). Socioeconomic-Based Management Strategies for Industrial Areas in West Sumbawa Regency. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 19(9), 3509–3518. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190919

Islahuddin, I., Akib, H., Eppang, B. M., Salim, M. A. M., & Darmayasa, D. (2021). Reconstruction of the actor collaboration model in the development of marine tourism destinations in the new normal local economy. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S2), 1505–1520. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns2.2013

Japa, L., Karnan, K., & Handayani, B. S. (2022). Quality Status of Coastal Waters of Special Economic Zone of Mandalika Central Lombok Based on the Community of Microalgae as Bioindicator. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(6), 2864–2871. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i6.2740

Kanbur, R., & Rauniyar, G. (2010). Conceptualizing inclusive development: With applications to rural infrastructure and development assistance. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2010.516163

Kuhnert, E., Hacker, V., & Bodner, M. (2023). A Review of Accelerated Stress Tests for Enhancing MEA Durability in PEM Water Electrolysis Cells. In International Journal of Energy Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3183108

Kurniati, P. S., & Suryanto, S. (2023). Tourism Development Policy Based on Digital Economy in Lombok National Tourism Destination. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research, 10(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v10i1.1074

Kurniawan, C., Nurmandi, A., & Muallidin, I. (2022). Economic Recovery for Tourism Sector Based on Social Media Data Mining (T. Ahram & R. Taiar (eds.); Vol. 319, Issue January 2020). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85540-6

Kurniawan, C., Pribadi, U., & Iqbal, M. (2023). the Role of E-Governance in Improving Local Governments Performance (Case Study: Sumbawa Regency). Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 11(3), 1139–1154. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i3.795

Lepore, L., Paolone, F., Pisano, S., & Alvino, F. (2017). Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society. Iss Accountability Journal.

Loupias, H. H., Larisu, Z., & ... (2023). Sustainable Tourism Industry Concept and Implementation: Evidence from Indonesia. Proceeding of …, 2017.

Mahandito, T., Tsabita, Z. A., & Ardianto, H. P. (n.d.). Rethinking The Environment-Economy Nexus in Developing Country : Climate Finance Strategies for a Sustainable Mandalika SEZ. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-9-2024.2354416

Manis, K. T. (2020). When Social-Recognition Trumps Financial Incentives as Desired Currency: An Abstract. In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42545-6_98

Reyes, A. (2018). Connecting higher education and innovation to local development. Futures. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.04.004

Saveriades, A. (2000). Establishing the social tourism carrying capacity for the tourist resorts of the east coast of the Republic of Cyprus. Tourism Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00044-8

Sayuti, R. H., Taqiuddin, M., Hayati, Evendi, A., Hidayati, S. A., Asri, K. H., & Sopian, E. (2023). Socio-economic mapping for community empowerment in Mandalika special economic zone, Lombok, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1253(1), 012067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1253/1/012067

Susiyanto, S. (2022). Concept Application Analysis Green Tourism in the Development of Borobudur Temple as a Super Priority Destination. Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 8(4), 1371. https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v8i4.1080

Tan, D. N. (2022). Analysing the livelihood vulnerability of shrimp farmers to climate change: A case study in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2022.253688

Triyanti, R., Kurniasari, N., Yuliaty, C., Muawanah, U., & Febrian, T. (2020). Management of coastal resources in Mandalika in an era of disruptive innovation waves. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 584(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/584/1/012064

Wibowo, J. M., & Hariadi, S. (2022). Indonesia Sustainable Tourism Resilience in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era (Case Study of Five Indonesian Super- priority Destinations). Millennial Asia. https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996221105143

Widianingsih, I., Abdillah, A., Herawati, E., Dewi, A. U., Miftah, A. Z., Adikancana, Q. M., Pratama, M. N., & Sasmono, S. (2023). Sport Tourism, Regional Development, and Urban Resilience: A Focus on Regional Economic Development in Lake Toba District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 15, Issue 7). mdpi.com. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075960

Widjaja, H. R., Rizkiyah, P., Royanow, A. F., Lemy, D. M., & Brian, R. (2023). The Economic Impact of Tourism Development in Mandalika Lombok Indonesia. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(9), e994. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i9.994

Yin, Robert K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (Fifth Edition). Amerika Serikat: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Yohanes, Yulius, Al Qadrie, S. R. F., Elyta, Olifiani, L. P., & Kurniawan, C. (2023). E-Service in government sector: To what extent has NTB.care affected as a smart citizen reporting site for raising government performance. E3S Web of Conferences, 440, 04010. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344004010

Yuli, S. B. C., Septiani, E., Pramuja, R. A., Supiandi, & Najmudin, M. (2023). Tourism Development and Local Community Welfare: A Case Study of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 14(4), 2097–2106. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.4(68).21

Zitri Ilham, Rifaid, Lestanata, Y., & Kurniawan, C. (2024). Navigating digital tourism governance: a case study of branding strategies in the Mandalika special economic zones. OTORITAS : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 44(8), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/8/085201


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Ilham Zitri, Cahyadi Kurniawan, Mishan Joni, Ahmad Harakan

Jurnal Public Policy
p-ISSN: 2477-5738  I  e-ISSN: 2502-0528  I  DOI: 10.35308
Jl. Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
(0655) 7110535 l +621260313742 l +6285277110911
License Creative Commons is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License