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STUDI KARAKTERISTIK KERUPUK: PENGARUH KOMPOSISI DAN PROSES PENGOLAHAN
Abstract
Kerupuk adalah sejenis makanan ringan yang sangat dikenal kenal di Indonesia. Produk ini memiliki densitas rendah, berporos dan bertekstur renyah. Kerupuk telah dikembangkan dengan berbagai komposisi bahan dan teknik pengolahan yang berbeda. Ulasan ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keterkaitan komposisi bahan dan proses pengolahan terhadap karakteristik kerupuk berdasarkan hasil studi penelitian yang telah ada. Studi terkait kerenyahan sebagai indikator mutu kerupuk juga dijelaskan dalam ulasan ini. Sensasi kerenyahan kerupuk terjadi akibat adanya kejadian retakan dan bunyi pada matriks gelas saat digigit. Kerupuk yang memiliki pengembangan tinggi, jumlah pori banyak, dan dinding pori tipis mempunyai tingkat kerenyahan yang tinggi. Ada dua variabel yang bekerja dalam pembentukkan stuktur dan pengembangan kerupuk yaitu perpindahan massa uap air dan sifat viskoelastis polimer. Perpindahan massa uap air menghasilkan tekanan terhadap polimer dan polimer bertahan terhadap tekanan tersebut. Kedua variabel ini membentuk kesetimbangan yang menentukan ukuran pori, ketebalan dinding pori dan besarnya volume pengembangan kerupuk. Sifat viskoelastis polimer pati dipengaruhi oleh jenis pati, proses pemasakan, pendinginan gel pati dan interaksi gel dengan bahan lainnya seperti protein, garam dan air. Tekanan uap air dipengaruhi oleh proses pemanasan, kadar air dan unsur bahan lain seperti soda kue.
Kata kunci : Kerenyahan, kerupuk, pengembangan, tekstur
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jtpp.v1i1.1484
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