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Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif Pangan dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Biji Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) Pulau Lombok
Abstract
Biji kemiri merupakan komoditas lokal yang tersebar di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, namun potensinya sebagai sumber isolat bioaktif spesifik masih belum banyak dieksplorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pelarut terhadap rendemen ekstraksi, profil fitokimia, dan aktivitas antioksidan biji kemiri dari Timbanuh, Sesaot, and Torean. Ekstraksi soklet bertingkat digunakan, dimulai dengan proses defatting diikuti oleh ekstraksi sekunder menggunakan metanol dan etil asetat. Konstituen kimia diidentifikasi melalui Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), dan kapasitas antioksidan ditentukan menggunakan uji penangkapan radikal DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asal geografis berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rendemen dan distribusi kimia. Timbanuh menghasilkan fraksi asam lemak tertinggi (78,15 %), sementara ekstrak Torean sangat didominasi oleh Asam Linoleat (77,61 %). Sebaliknya, sampel Sesaot menunjukkan karakteristik kimia unik yang didominasi oleh 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) sebesar 48,13%. Profil ini berkaitan langsung dengan potensi antioksidan; ekstrak Sesaot mencapai nilai IC50 paling optimal sebesar 22,73 mg/mL untuk metanol dan 23,14 mg/mL untuk ekstrak etil asetat. Data hasil GC-MS menunjukkan sampel ekstrak biji Kemiri Torean dan Timbanuh optimal untuk fortifikasi asam lemak Omega-6, sedangkan kemiri dari wilayah Sesaot menyediakan isolat fungsional yang kaya akan antioksidan turunan pyranone. Temuan ini memberikan dasar ilmiah untuk pemilihan sumber biji kemiri secara presisi untuk aplikasi pangan fungsional khusus dan standardisasi industri.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jtpp.v8i1.15212
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